Types of Pigs In Pig farming

Pig farming in Nigeria is a lucrative agricultural business and has great profit potential for intending and practicing farmers.

But in the other to achieve great productivity in pig farming especially here in Nigeria, the type of pigs to use should be highly considered.

Here are the best kinds of pigs to be used in pig in Nigeria, they are as follows;

1. Land race: It is of Danish origin and here are the characteristics and features;

* Large and heavy ears, dropping forward to its face.

* A fertile breed with good and mothering ability.

* Excellent carcass quality.

* Fast growing with low feed conversion.

* Cross breeding with large white produces very excellent, long, all white bacon type pork.

2. Large white: It is of Yorkshire origin and here are the characteristics and features;

* It has a White colour.

* Strong body size.

*Smooth and dish faced.

* Long medium snout.

* Broad nostril and medium sized ear.

* Tilting forward.

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3. Duroc: It is of North America origin and here are the characteristics and features;

* It has very hard and strong legs.

* It is aggressive and brown in color.

* It has short legs.

* Fast growing with low feed conversion.

4. Hampshire: It is of North America origin and here are the characteristics and features;

* Has Good muscle and lean pork.

* Medium sized.

* Black or brown skin  color.

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Broilers Vaccinatioin In Poultry Farming

Period                                                                      Name of vaccination

1^st  Day                                                                     Innocular/Antibiotics

2^nd - 4^th Day                                                              Solomin

5^th-10^th Day                                                              Solomin + Melin

11^th - 13^th Day                                                          Solomin + Zivital

14^th  Day                                                                    Gomboro

15^th- 20^th  Day                                                          Solomin + Zivital

21^st - 25^th  Day                                                          Sulfacox

4^th  Week                                                                   Lasota

5^th  Week                                                                   Deworm

6^th  Week                                                                   1^st  Komorov

7^th  Week                                                                   Sulfacox

8^th  Week                                                                   Zivital

9^th  Week                                                                   Foulpox

10^th-12^th  Week                                                         Zivital / Komorov(Oil Based)

13^th  Week                                                                  Lasota

14^TH  Week                                                                 Deworm

16^th   Week                                                                  2^nd  Komorov

17^th   Week                                                                 Zivital

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Feed Types for Different Stages of Broilers:

Period                                                              Feed Type

0 – 5 Weeks                                                 Starter Mash

5 – 9 Weeks                                                 Finisher’s Mash

9 Weeks Up                                                  Finisher’s Mash

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Feeding Regime In Poultry Farming

In a simple term nutrition in poultry production and livestock production in general implies the provision of nutrients through feed and water to the birds and other livestock. In this discussion, our focus will be on poultry production.

Nutrition may also involve the development of feed formula and the eventual formulation of animals/poultry feed.

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How to Cultivate and Harvest Cassava

         Since 2003, cassava has moved from being a traditional crop to a commercial crop. In this article Agricultural Gist wants to have a closer look t the crop and some of the factors we consider to be very important when it comes to making profit out of cassava production enterprises. The plant-able fresh stake is considered to be in the “seed”. Traditionally, farmers collect or buy planting materials from any source just to fill their cassava fields during the peak of the panting season. This practice is no longer suitable given the present status of cassava production in international level. A

How To Start A Poultry Farm

EYONK FARMS offers chicken for meat, eggs, hatching and sales of day old,  to Individual retailers, companies that buy day old chicks in bulk, hotels, fast foods, eateries etc in the Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western part of Nigeria, and all the well established markets, and also in local market. The business has a strong market position and a coherent strategy. It has established clear steps to achieve its objective of Becoming Nigeria's major source of poultry meat, eggs, and day old chicks in the next five years.

                                    

EYONK FARMS has set  targets that they are committed about achieving. Next year the business will achieve sales of ₦9000000. Sales will grow by 30 percent each year to reach the  figure of ₦25704900 at the end of the period. By the final year of this plan the business will be achieving a net profit of ₦10672930. This will represent a good return and provide sufficient retained earnings for future development plans.   

The Business

EYONK FARMS is formed as a Sole Trader. This is an appropriate legal structure for this type of business and will fit well with its objectives. The management team will review this structure as the business develops.

EYONK FARMS is well placed to offer chicken for meat, eggs, hatching and sales of day old,  in the Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western part of Nigeria, and all the well established markets, and also in local market. The management team have the experience and competencies to deliver the targets they have set themselves.

   Eyonk Enterprise, Owner, has  knowledge and experience of Poultry farming, including management of day old chicks, disease management, poultry structure design and and sales of agricultural materials..

  John Benco and group, CoFounder, has developed  expertise in Rendering Financial Assistant to the company, providing the necessary farm equipments and structures needed for the farm to move forward..

   IITA, Partner, is goal driven and brings  knowledge of Training and development of workers, leading a team, bringing new innovative structural designs and carrying out maintenance culture in the farm..

   Songhai Farms, Junior Partner, brings  skills in different areas of farming including but not limited to handling of day old chicks, poultry disease management, and how to market the chickens. The also bring different marketing strategies and and also equip the staff with the skills of how to envelope the market..

The management team are committed to growing the business by providing excellent customer service and building a strong credible brand. This will be demonstrated through their trustworthy relations with customers and other stakeholders. The management team take their responsbility seriously and are committed to an ethical approach to business.

In summary, EYONK FARMS has the correct legal form, values and management team to succeed.   


ALSO READ:  HOW TO PRODUCE MAGGOTS FOR FISH FEED

ALSO READ:ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SNAIL FARMING

The Market

EYONK FARMS intends to target Individual retailers, companies that buy day old chicks in bulk, hotels, fast foods, eateries etc with its chicken for meat, eggs, hatching and sales of day old, . This market represents a good opportunity for the business to capitalise on its low price of products, we sell at low cost because we produce our feed in the farm, thereby maximizing profit. We are also known for good quality products, and quick delivery to the required customers. advantage. This will provide a strong market position from which to develop the business.

EYONK FARMS faces some competition, as would be expected in this attractive market.

  AB and co  is the main competitor. It has some strengths, but its critical weakness is its high prices, and low quality products. unreliable in business and inability to meet up to the customers demands.. This will restrict its capacity to compete.

  CD and Co also has a weakness that diminishes its effectiveness in the market. In this case the weakness is its inability to motivate workers, thereby being raised down by low productivity and unreliability..

   CD and co is also a potential competitor, but again it has an exploitable weakness. In this case the weakness is its lack of good marketing strategies, and inability to maintain effective marketing strategies. .

 EYONK FARMS will be able to exploit the weaknesses of its competitors to gain market position.

In summary, the high demand for the EYONK FARMS offer and the weaknesses identified in its main competitors provide an attractive market opportunity.   

The Strategy

EYONK FARMS has the objective of Becoming Nigeria's major source of poultry meat, eggs, and day old chicks over the next five years. To achieve this objective the management team has identified key steps that it will implement over the period.

Step 1: Bring down the selling price so as to get numerous customers

Step 2: Produce quality products that cannot be altered

Step 3: Expand the Business in every geographical location in Nigeria

Step 4: Employ more strategic marketing plans

Step 5: Maintain our integrity

 The selection and sequence of these actions has been carefully chosen to produce the full potential of the business and ensure that the targets are achieved. The management team will continuously monitor the business performance against the targets and make necessary adjustments. At all times the focus will be on achieving the key objectives.

In summary, EYONK FARMS has a systematic plan with clearly articulated stages to achieve its five year objectives.   

The Finances

Table 1 below shows a projected income statement for the five years of the plan. This demonstrates how the targets will be achieved. The projections have been carefully constructed and are based upon realistic assumptions.

In the first year of the plan  EYONK FARMS will achieve sales of ₦9000000, a gross profit of ₦6300000 and  a net profit of ₦1300000. In 2019, midway through the plan, the business will achieve sales of ₦15210000, a gross profit of ₦10647000 and  a net profit of ₦4597000. By the end of the plan the business will achieve sales of ₦25704900, a gross profit of ₦17993430 and  a net profit of ₦10672930.

The figures demonstrate a steady growth in sales and gross profit during the period of the plan.The business becomes profitable in year one of the plan, which is earlier than many similar rivals and demonstrates the strength of the business model. This will provide a solid financial foundation to develop its plans. The average sales growth of 30 percent across the period is healthy and demonstrates the potential of the business. The predicted sales and growth are realistic given the strengths of the business and the attractiveness of the market.

==========================================================
INCOME STATEMENT
 ==========================================================

Years........ ....2017 ....2018 ....2019 ....2020 ....2021

Sales........ .9000000 11700000 15210000 19773000 25704900
Cost of Sales .2700000 .3510000 .4563000 .5931900 .7711470
..............
Gross Profit. .6300000 .8190000 10647000 13841100 17993430
..............
  
Expenses..... .5000000 .5500000 .6050000 .6655000 .7320500

..............
 Net Profit... .1300000 .2690000 .4597000 .7186100 10672930
..............

  Table 1: Income Statement Forecast 2017 to 2021 (₦).

Table 2 below shows a projected cash flow for the five years of the plan. This demonstrates  the liquidity of the business during the period.

EYONK FARMS has based the cash flow on the assumption that they will be offering customers 0 days credit. This is in line with industry norms and should be competitive within the market. Suppliers are assumed to offer 30 days credit. This is also realistic given the current practice within the industry. The business achieves a positive cash carried forward position in year one. By the end of the five years the business has a positive cash position of ₦27129852. This shows the robustness of the business and its ability to generate cash to support future plans.

==========================================================
CASH FLOW
 ==========================================================

Years........ ....2017 ....2018 ....2019 ....2020 ....2021

Cash from A/R .9000000 11700000 15210000 19773000 25704900
Cash to A/P.. .2478082 .3443424 .4476452 .5819387 .7565203
Expenses Paid .5000000 .5500000 .6050000 .6655000 .7320500
..............
Net Cash..... .1521918 .2756576 .4683548 .7298613 10819197
..............

  Cash B/Fwd... ...50000 .1571918 .4328494 .9012042 16310655
..............
  Cash C/Fwd... .1571918 .4328494 .9012042 16310655 27129852
..............

Table 2: Cash Flow Forecast 2017 to 2021 (₦)

In summary, EYONK FARMS has constructed methodical financial forecasts that show a resilient cash flow and attractive growth in profit over the next five years.
   

Conclusion

EYONK FARMS is well positioned to target Individual retailers, companies that buy day old chicks in bulk, hotels, fast foods, eateries etc. The management team have provided a clear objective of Becoming Nigeria's major source of poultry meat, eggs, and day old chicks in the five year period. The financial targets have been shown to be realistic given the strengths of the business and its strategic position. The management team is committed to achieve the strategic goals. They have a clear plan of strategic stages to realise the potential of the business and generate healthy returns for all stakeholders.   

Appendix

Assumptions

The following assumptions were made in developing this plan.

1. ₦9000000 sales in the first year. This level of sales is realistic given previous experience and the turnover of similar firms within the sector.

2. 30 percent annual growth in sales. This level of sales growth is achievable given the attractiveness of the market and the coherent strategic plans of the management team.

 3. 30 percent cost of sales. This cost of sales percentage is in line with the sector average. The cost of sales percentage is expected to remain stable during the period of the plan.

4. ₦5000000 expenses in the first year. This level of overhead expense is in line with similar size businesses within the sector.

5. 10 percent annual growth in expenses. This expense growth takes into account changes in overhead as the firm develops.

6. 0 days customer days credit. This is in line with industry terms of trade and should be competitive.

 7. 30 days supplier credit. This is realistic given the terms normally offered by suppliers.<

8. The cash flow forecast assumes that receivables and payables are settled before the next period.

   9. The cash flow does not take into account the acquisition of fixed assets from cash generated.

 10. ₦50000 equity cash injection. This equity is confirmed to be available and ready to be invested in the business.

11. Equity cash injections are assumed to be made at the start of the plan.

12. These figures take into account inflation.

13. These figures are realistic given the current market situation and expected trends.

14. While a conservative approach has been taken to projections and an attempt to factor in risks, like all predictions there is the potential of unexpected factors.

Do you need a business plan, contact us
  CONTACT US: 07039482540

COURTESY: EYONK FARMS LTD

How To Start A Cabbage Farm

There are three common types of cabbages: Gloria, Copenhagen and Drum Head and they may all be grown and harvested within just four months or less.

GROWING PROCESS:

Gloria is the most tolerant to poor rainfall conditions of the three types of cabbages and it may be ready for harvesting in about 100 days after planting. Gloria cabbages are normally heavy, each one weighing an average of two and half kilograms. 

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The Drum Head, takes longest to be ready for harvesting. It takes as long as 120 days or 150 days to harvest after planting. Given that it requires plenty of rainfall to sustain a good crop of Drum Head, the farmer must strictly plant at the beginning of the rain season. 
Copenhagen takes a shorter time to grow, being ready for harvesting within about 70 days after planting. Like Gloria, it has a compact head and is about the same average weight but it has a disadvantage of its head bursting rather easily on the farm if not harvested in time.

FINANCIAL BREAKDOWN:

On an acre of land, with about 58 beds:
Cost of Seeds = $100 ( about 1kg)
Spraying Costs = $260 ( Fertilizers and Pesticides)
Labor Cost = $150 (Tilling, Growing and Harvesting)
Total Cost = $510
Total Yield = 11000 heads of cabbage 
Expected Total Revenue = $4400 ( assuming each head is sold at $0.4, it could be higher)

MARKET ANALYSIS:

There is an advantage to growing cabbages during the dry season, for farmers who can afford irrigation, in that the farmer will get better prices as cabbages are scarce during this time, which makes demand for them very high.

For More Info Call/Whatsapp Mr Ekex @ +2347039482540 or Email @ ekexgroup@gmail.com

How To Do Catfish Hatchery

STEPS IN PERFORMING A FISH HATCHERY:

Please read this important Notes before performing your own hatchery.

- Female fishes have short valve while male fishes have long valve.

- To calm down a male fish during surgery, pour saline water(water & salt) on the body.

- Inject 0.5ml of ovaprine to 1kg of female fish.

- Use acetol or spirit to preserve pituary gland.

Step 1: Select a fertile female catfish,by slightly pressing their stomach to release eggs which are dark green in color when fully matured for fetilization.

Step 2: After selection of the matured female catfish, eject ovaprine or grinded pituary gland (which is gotton at the center of fish head) into the body of female fish to speed up egg release in the female fish. This injection should be done at the side of the fish stomach.

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Step 3: Leave the injected female catfish for 10-12hrs,then bring out the fish and strip the eggs out from the stomach by pressing gently to release eggs in a bowl.

Step 4: Bring out a matured male catfish,cut the lower abdomen with razor to locate the sperm duct. After locating the sperm duct, cut out and press in the sperm into the bowl and mix it with little saline water(0.9m). after the cut your can stitch back the fish to heal or kill it eat.

N/B: in selecting a matured male, the valve are long and dark in colour(indicating complete maturity)

Step 5: Now mix the sperm with the eggs and stir to effect proper fertilization of eggs.

N/B: Please during fertilization do not use little quatity of sperm for large number of eggs to avoid low fertilization of eggs. Please gather as many sperm ducts as you can from different male fishes and check the quatity of your eggs.

Step 6: After mixing properly,pour the eggs on a cacabam place on hatch ponds and leave the eggs for 24-48hours, after you will notice the fries are formed on the cacabam.

Step 7: After the eggs are hatched, leave fries for 3days before feeding with artamia or egg yolk.

N/B: Make sure you siphon their water every morning and add fresh running water to reduce mortality because at this stage the are very delicate.

- Sort for shooters(fast growers among them) every 2weeks to reduce mortality and  cannabalism.

For More Info Call/Whatsapp Mr Ekex @ +2347039482540 or Email @ ekexgroup@gmail.com

HOW TO MORINGA PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA

Moringa (Moringa spp.) is one of the world’s most useful plants with one of the highest nutritional contents of any plant known in the world.

It is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree that is native to the southern foothills of the Himalayas in northwestern India.  It is a fast-growing tree and is grown throughout the tropics. The most widely cultivated species is Moringa Oleifera, a multipurpose tree, and usually called the Miracle tree for good reason. Common names include Moringa, drumstick tree, from the appearance of the long, slender, triangular seed pods, horseradish tree, from the taste of the roots which resembles horseradish, ben oil tree or Benzoil tree, from the oil derived from the seeds. Used for human food, livestock forage, medicine, dye, and water purification. Moringa oleifera tree has been called the tree of life in many cultures around the world, including Nigeria. It has various local names in Nigeria; its names include “Ewe Igbale” in Yoruba, “Zogelle” in Hausa and “Idagbomunonye” in Igbo.

IMPORTANCE OF MORINGA

It is widely recognized for thehighly nutritious and health benefits derivable from the different parts of the plant: the leaves, seeds, and the roots.There is an increased awareness of the multiple uses of Moringa leaves for both domestic and industrial purposes leading to an increased demand for it.It is estimated that at least 300 diseases can be cured by taking this supplement along with hundreds of other health benefits, thanks to its more than 90 nutrients, 46 different antioxidants, and all eight essential amino acids.

Health benefits: Here is a more in-depth look at the health benefits of Moringa leaves, stem, root, and seeds.

·         Scientific studies have shown that it contains specific antioxidants and health promoting ingredients that offer palliatives to malnutrition, hunger and diseases.

·         The young leaves are edible and are commonly cooked and eaten like spinach or used to make soups and salads. It’s rich in many vitamins, including Vitamin A, several forms of Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and Vitamin E.

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Industrial uses of Moringa Oil

·         The oil content of de-hulled seed (kernel) is approximately 42 %. The oil is brilliant yellow. It is used as a lubricant for fine machinery such as timepieces because it has little tendency to deteriorate and become rancid and sticky. It is also useful as vegetable cooking oil. The oil is known for its capacity to absorb and retain volatile substances and is therefore valuable in the perfume industry for stabilizing scents.

·         Water purification: Water extract from the crushed kernels of Moringa can be used as a viable replacement coagulant for chemicals such as aluminium sulphate (alum) in sedimenting mineral particles and organics in the purification of drinking water.It can also be used as a non-toxic natural polypeptide for cleaning vegetable oil, or for sedimenting fibers in the juice and beer industries.

·         Forage plant: The nutritional characteristics of the Moringa tree are excellent so it can easily be used as a fresh forage material for cattle. The leaves are rich in protein, carotene, iron and ascorbic acid and the pod is rich in the amino acid lysine. Moringa is especially useful as a forage for cattle both economically and productively given the problems facing typical cattle breeders such as:

a) Low availability of feed during the dry season, which extends from December through May.

b) Lack of capacity for pasturing animals as farmers generally own small areas and these are typically not well worked or managed.

c) Nutritional imbalances caused by a lack of access to proteins, carbohydrates and minerals

Nutritive value:

Here is a nutritional breakdown of Fresh Moringa Leaves:

·         7 times the Vitamin C of Oranges;

·         4 times the Calcium of Milk;

·          3 times the Potassium of Bananas;

·         2 times the Protein of Yogurt;

·         4 times the Vitamin A of Carrots;

·          ¾ the iron of Spinach.

Moringa leaves when dried become a even greater, powerhouse of nutrition containing:

·         ½ the Vitamin C of Oranges;

·          17 times the Calcium of Milk;

·         15 times the Potassium of Bananas;

·         9 times the Protein of Yogurt;

·         25 times the Vitamin A of Carrots; and

·         20 times the Iron in Spinach.

All elements except the Vitamin C is increased when you dry the leaves in the shade. Drying the leaves in direct sunlight decreases its nutritional values.

Cultivation

Moringa trees grow easily from seeds or cuttings.It is a fast growing tree and has been found to grow to 6 – 7 m in one year in areas receiving less than 400 mm mean annual rainfall and its low demand for soil nutrients and water after being planted make its production and management easy.  It can be planted using either plant cutting or seed propagation. Pruned branches gotten from mature branches are excellent for growing new trees; planting with seed are usually done directly to its intended area due to its fragile nature.

Harvesting:   Moringa leaves can be harvested at any time once trees are established. Selected branches are trimmed leaving some for the next harvest or seed production. The entire tree back can also be cut to a height of about 2m during the raining season to allow recovery before the dry season.

Products developed from Moringa:

·         Moringa Leaf Powder: The leaves are dried and powdered and are sold for several usages ranging from human consumption to Animal folder.  Moringa dried leaves are used in cooking. They can be sprinkled on the salads to improve the nutrient value. They are also used in the cattle feed to improve the nutritional status of the cattle.

·         Moringa Oil: The healing properties of Moringa oil, also known as Behen oil, were documented by ancient cultures. It also has tremendous cosmetic value and is used in body and hair care as a moisturizer and skin conditioner. It finds its usage in creams, lotions, balms, scrubs, body oils, and hair care formulations. Skin moisturizing benefits are derived from the fact that Moringa seed oil is high in vitamins A and C.

·         Moringa Seed cake powder: Moringa cake is ready after the extraction of Moringa oil from the seeds and it’s obtained from cold pressing method. Moringa cake is Rich in quality & 100% free from any contaminations. With 60% protein content, the seed press cake left over from crushing seeds can be used as protein supplement. Moringa Seed cake powder contains all the essential amino acid.

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·         Moringa Tea: The exceptionally high nutritive value of the Moringa leaves has made the Moringa tea the most sought after Herbal tea worldwide. Moringa tea with the entire nutrients acts as a natural refresher. Moringa tea can be consumed by all as it contains antioxidants.

Extracting the oil from Moringa

·         The seeds coats are removed (shelling) using shelling machine to extract the seeds.

·         The freshly shelled seeds are fed in to the press machine which extracts the oil.On the average 1kg of seeds (with coats) gives 120ml of cold pressed oil.

·         Thereafter, the oil is allowed to settle for a few days thereby allowing for sedimentation. This is very important to ensure high quality Moringa oil is produced.

·         The clean oil is decanted leaving behind the sediments.

·         The cleaned oil is bottled, and packaged for the market.

Potential of Moringa plant:

Moringa looks set to become one of the fastest growing cash crops coming out of the African continent as world food prices soar and the global nutritional recession begins to take hold.

The global Moringa Products market estimated to be over US$ 4 billion is highly dependent on India which supplies about 80% of the demand of Moringa products and thereby enjoying dominant position in the world.

Due to a combination of its versatility, fast growth cycle, hardiness & it’s largely unrivalled nutritional and medicinal properties Moringa is rapidly becoming the favorite means by which to solve many of the food scarcity issues which have blighted many parts of Africa for many years and with the west facing the emergence of similar issues the potential for Moringa as an export is growing.

Also, there is increase awareness of its amazing health usage in Orthodox medicine. It played a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life for thousands of years and has valuable components of medicines, seasonings, beverages, cosmetics and dyes. This has significantly resulted in increase market demand for the product locally.

For More Info Call/Whatsapp Mr Ekex @ +2347039482540 or Email @ ekexgroup@gmail.com

SOURCE: http://agriculturenigeria.com/farming-production/horticulture/moringa